Salivary gland biopsy

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Salivary gland biopsy

Definition:

Salivary gland biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which a small piece of salivary gland is removed for examination.

Alternative Names:

Biopsy - salivary gland

How the test is performed:

There are several pairs of salivary glands in different locations: a major pair in front of the ears (parotid glands); two major pair on the floor of the mouth; and several minor pairs within the lips, cheeks, and tongue.

One method of salivary gland biopsy is a needle biopsy. The skin over the gland is scrubbed. A local anesthetic may be injected, and a needle is inserted into the gland. A small "core" of gland tissue is removed with the needle and sent to the laboratory for analysis.

A biopsy can also be performed when all or part of a salivary gland is removed because of a tumor. An examination of the removed tissue can help to determine the type of tumor.

A lip biopsy can also be performed to diagnose diseases like Sjogren's syndrome.

How to prepare for the test:

For a needle biopsy, there is no special preparation, although fasting for a few hours may be advised. For surgical excision of a tumor, preparation is like any major surgery, including fasting for 6 to 8 hours.

How the test will feel:

During a needle biopsy, there may be some stinging or burning if a local anesthetic is injected. Insertion of the biopsy needle may cause pressure or mild discomfort which should only last for 1 or 2 minutes. Afterward, the area may feel tender or be bruised for a few days.

Why the test is performed:

This test may be performed to confirm the presence of Sjogren's syndrome, or to determine the cause of lumps or abnormal growths of the salivary glands.

Review Date: 4/11/2005
Reviewed By: Kevin Fung, MD, FRCS(C), Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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